PCOS Management
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder in women that can affect menstrual cycles, fertility, metabolic health, and physical appearance. On ultrasound, the ovaries may show 12 or more small cysts, ranging from 2mm to 9mm. Hormonal imbalances in PCOS can cause irregular or absent ovulation, making natural conception more challenging.
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Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
How is PCOS diagnosed?
A diagnosis of PCOS is made if a woman meets two out of the following three criteria:
- Oligomenorrhea: Menstrual cycles occurring every 40–60 days
- Androgen excess: Evident in blood tests or physical signs such as acne or oily skin
- Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound: More than 12 follicles present
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Symptoms of PCOS:
- Irregular or absent periods
- Difficulty getting pregnant
- Unexplained weight gain or rapid weight increase
- Excess facial or body hair
- Dark, thickened skin patches (acanthosis nigricans)
- Skin tags around the neck or armpits
- Hair thinning on the scalp
- Oily skin and acne
- Mood swings or depression
- Pelvic pain
- Sleep apnea
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What causes PCOS?
The exact cause of PCOS is not fully understood, but genetics may play a role. If close female relatives (mother, sisters, aunts) have PCOS, your risk may be higher.
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How does PCOS affect fertility?
- Anovulation: Many women with PCOS experience irregular or absent ovulation, preventing follicles from maturing properly each cycle. Some women may still conceive naturally, but fertility is often reduced.
- Weight gain: Excess weight, a common symptom of PCOS, can further reduce ovulation and may make ovulation-inducing medications less effective.